Anad, S.H.M. and Al-Sarraj, S.K. 2025. The requirements of total quality management and the determinants of its application in private Iraqi press institutions: Al-zaman newspaper as a model. International Journal of Innovative Research and Scientific Studies. 8, 7 (Oct. 2025), 628–636. DOI:https://doi.org/10.53894/ijirss.v8i7.10509.