Alnajar, A.A. , Alnoaim, J. , Alhossyan, F. and Etiwa, M.A. 2025. Teacher preparedness and student outcomes: A study on the effectiveness of special education instructional practices. International Journal of Innovative Research and Scientific Studies. 8, 3 (May 2025), 3507–3516. DOI:https://doi.org/10.53894/ijirss.v8i3.7281.