Evolution and emerging directions in occupational therapy for autism: A bibliometric evaluation of global literature

Abstract

The study aims to explore global research trends, influential themes, and existing gaps in occupational therapy (OT) related to Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). It seeks to provide clinicians and researchers with comprehensive insights into the evolution, focus areas, and impact of OT interventions in managing ASD. A bibliometric analysis was conducted using data extracted from the Scopus database. A total of 1,002 peer-reviewed journal articles published between 1989 and 2024 were retrieved based on a targeted search strategy incorporating keywords relevant to OT and ASD. Bibliometric tools were utilized to analyze publication trends, influential authors and journals, collaboration networks, citation patterns, and keyword co-occurrences. The analysis revealed a significant rise in publications over the past decade, with the United States leading in both output and citations. Key themes include sensory-based interventions, daily living skills, and an emerging interest in telehealth and virtual reality. Notably, research is predominantly focused on children, with limited studies on adults, culturally diverse populations, and specific OT interventions like vocational training. Visual mapping indicated evolving research priorities and interdisciplinary collaboration patterns. Occupational therapy plays a critical role in ASD intervention. However, despite the increasing research volume, notable gaps persist particularly in long-term outcome studies, adult populations, cultural inclusivity, and technology-driven interventions. Addressing these gaps will enhance the efficacy and reach of OT strategies in ASD care. This study offers evidence-based direction for future OT research and clinical application in ASD. It encourages stakeholders to prioritize longitudinal designs, diversify study populations, and integrate innovative technologies into therapeutic frameworks to improve functional outcomes and quality of life for individuals with ASD.