The role of artificial intelligence in modernizing higher education in the natural sciences

Abstract

The article examines the impact of using artificial intelligence (AI) tools on the assimilation of topics in natural science disciplines by students of technical specialties. The aim of the study is to assess the effectiveness of AI as an auxiliary tool in learning complex theoretical and practical topics in electrical circuits. Within the framework of a pedagogical experiment, students in the experimental group, in addition to traditional learning, used AI tools ChatGPT, Wolfram Alpha, and PhET Simulations for problem-solving, modeling, and process visualization. The results of the final testing among students from universities in Kazakhstan (Almaty University of Power Engineering and Telecommunications named after G. Daukeyev, Almaty Technological University, Caspian University of Technology and Engineering named after Sh. Yessenov and Civil Aviation Academy) showed that the knowledge gain in the experimental group was 18.1 points, which is almost 2.5 times higher than in the control group. A survey confirmed a high level of engagement and a positive perception of AI among students. The conclusions highlight the potential of AI as an effective tool for personalized learning, provided it is methodologically integrated into the educational process.