International Journal of Innovative Research and Scientific Studies

Fitness for service and risk-based inspection for line piping leakage of hydrocarbon release at offshore northwest java topside facility

Dona Yuliati — 2026-09-08

Hydrocarbon leaks from offshore facilities can pose serious risks to workers, the environment, equipment, and operations. This study evaluated the safety and reliability of a repeatedly leaking three-phase piping system and assessed whether it could continue operating safely over the next 20 years. Fitness-for-Service (FFS) assessment based on API 579-1/ASME FFS-1 and Risk-Based Inspection (RBI) following API 581 were applied to evaluate the piping condition, risk level, remaining service life, and inspection requirements. Field observations and investigations were performed to evaluate piping conditions, while RBI and Estimated Life (EL) calculations were used to assess risk, remaining service life, and future piping conditions. Level 1 and Level 2 FFS assessments indicated that neither piping system could be considered fit for operation over the next 20 years, requiring a more detailed Level 3 assessment. Initially, both piping systems were classified in the yellow risk zone, but the risk was predicted to increase to the orange zone after 72 months. Therefore, The piping systems require further integrity assessment and risk mitigation to support safe long-term operation. Timely inspection, maintenance, repair, or replacement should be implemented to control increasing risk and ensure safe and reliable offshore operations.

Mitochondria in Parkinson disease: Genetic and epigenetic components

Anastasia V. Poznyak — 2026-09-11

This review aims to elucidate the genetic and epigenetic mechanisms underlying mitochondrial dysfunction in Parkinson’s disease (PD) and to explore how these insights inform emerging therapeutic strategies. A comprehensive analysis of current literature was conducted to integrate evidence on mitochondrial homeostasis, mitophagy regulation, and genome stability, with a focus on mutations in SNCA, LRRK2, VPS35, PINK1, PARK2, DJ-1, and POLG, as well as epigenetic alterations affecting mitochondrial DNA. Genetic mutations disrupt mitochondrial dynamics, impair autophagy, and cause oxidative stress, leading to dopaminergic neuron degeneration. Epigenetic modifications—such as altered DNA methylation, histone acetylation, and non-coding RNA regulation—further exacerbate mitochondrial instability and neuronal apoptosis. Mitochondrial impairment represents a common denominator linking hereditary and sporadic forms of PD, providing a unifying model of disease pathogenesis. Advances in understanding mitochondrial biology have enabled the development of novel therapeutic approaches, including activators of the PINK1/Parkin pathway, inhibitors of LRRK2 and α-synuclein aggregation, and strategies promoting mitochondrial biogenesis and intercellular transfer, offering potential for disease modification.

QoS-aware routing in software-defined internet of things: A comparative evaluation of Dijkstra and bellman–ford under heterogeneous traffic

Abdelali Grif — 2026-09-14

The rapid growth of Internet of Things (IoT) infrastructures has created heterogeneous communication environments where multiple applications share network resources, making reliable Quality of Service (QoS) increasingly challenging, especially when routing must support diverse traffic requirements. This study evaluates the performance of two shortest-path routing algorithms—Dijkstra and Bellman-Ford—within a Software-Defined Internet of Things (SD-IoT) architecture to analyze their impact on QoS and resource utilization under heterogeneous traffic. An experimental SD-IoT testbed was implemented using the Ryu controller and Mininet emulator, where each algorithm was integrated and tested separately on a programmable topology. Three IoT applications—e-health, intelligent transportation, and industrial control—were generated simultaneously. The evaluation considered latency, packet loss, link load distribution, and CPU/RAM usage at controller and switch levels. Results show distinct behaviors: Dijkstra achieves lower latency and packet loss due to faster path computation, while Bellman-Ford introduces slightly higher delays and resource consumption because of its iterative process, yet remains stable under varying loads. Both improve link load distribution compared to default routing. Overall, routing efficiency depends on convergence behavior and traffic heterogeneity; Dijkstra suits latency-sensitive applications, whereas Bellman-Ford is more appropriate for adaptive routing scenarios, contributing to QoS-aware SD-IoT design.

Reintegration of former prisoners: A conceptual analysis of the bioecological approach

Pāvels Jurs — 2026-09-18

The reintegration of former prisoners is a complex, multi-level social process that affects both an individual’s life trajectory and public safety; in the European and Latvian contexts, it is characterized by high recidivism rates and the fragmentation of structural support systems. The aim of this article is to develop a theoretically grounded bioecological multi-level model of preconditions for the reintegration of former prisoners, based on Bronfenbrenner’s process–person–context–time (PPCT) approach. The study employs qualitative conceptual analysis supported by a narrative international scientific literature review in psychology, criminology, and social work, analyzing reintegration processes at various ecological levels. The results indicate that reintegration cannot be reduced to individual programs or personal motivation, but is a relationship-based, time-spanning developmental process whose outcome is determined by the quality of proximal processes, personal resources, the institutional context, and their mutual interaction. It is concluded that the PPCT model offers a structured analytical framework for understanding the reintegration of former prisoners, emphasizing the need for long-term, coordinated, and individualized approaches that promote the reconstruction of social identity and the cessation of criminal behavior, while not overstating the empirical findings. This study contributes to the scientific literature by investigating the reintegration processes of former prisoners.

Activity-based costing usage and financial performance: The contingent role of competition

Hanadi Mohammed Alshamlan — 2026-09-18

This study examines whether market competition strengthens the relationship between activity-based costing (ABC) usage and financial performance in UK non-manufacturing companies. Survey data from 204 UK service-sector companies with at least 50 employees and annual sales of at least £25 million were analysed using three-step hierarchical moderated ordinary least squares regression. Firm size and cost structure were included as controls, and supplementary checks addressed non-response bias, common method bias, sector composition, and a median-split specification of competition. ABC usage (β = .176, p = .022) and competition (β = .427, p < .001) were positively and independently associated with financial performance in the final model. However, the ABC usage × competition interaction was not significant (β = .055, p = .346; ΔR² = .003), so the hypothesised moderating effect of competition was not supported. The evidence is more consistent with an additive or selection form of contingency fit than with an interaction form: competition is associated with ABC usage and financial performance but does not significantly alter the marginal performance contribution of ABC usage. Management accountants and finance managers should base decisions to extend ABC usage on its decision-support contribution to pricing, service mix, resource allocation, and cost control rather than on an expectation that its financial payoff necessarily increases with competitive intensity.

The effect of adding Sacha-Inchi oil on the quality of omega-3-rich mocaf-based nastar for toddlers aged 1–5 years

Agus Triyono — 2026-09-24

Nastar is a cookie popular among children and has the potential to serve as a medium for fortifying essential nutrients such as omega-3, which plays a role in supporting brain development, cognitive function, and visual health in toddlers. This study aims to determine the effect of adding sacha inchi oil on the quality of omega-3-rich mocaf flour-based nastar for toddlers aged 1–5 years. Mocaf flour is a gluten-free, high-fiber flour produced through the fermentation of cassava, while sacha inchi oil is a vegetable oil with a high content of omega-3 fatty acids. This study employed an experimental design using a completely randomized design (CRD) with three treatments: F1 (95% mocaf flour, 5% sacha inchi oil), F2 (90% mocaf flour, 10% sacha inchi oil), and F3 (87.5% mocaf flour, 12.5% sacha inchi oil). Data collection was conducted via organoleptic testing (color, aroma, taste, and texture) using a hedonic scale with 30 moderately trained panelists. The data were analyzed using an ANOVA test, which showed that the addition of sacha inchi oil had no significant effect (p > 0.05) on color, taste, aroma, and texture. It can therefore be concluded that the best formulation was obtained in treatment F3, which had the highest panelist preference and nutritional content. It is recommended that mocaf nastar with added sacha inchi oil be developed as a healthy, omega-3-rich snack alternative for toddlers, and further research is needed regarding shelf-life testing as well as a more specific analysis of DHA and EPA content.

Digital marketing practices and consumer buying behavior in Myanmar convenience retail evidence from grab and go stores in Yangon

Zin Myo — 2026-09-24

Digital channels increasingly shape retail communication, but evidence from Myanmar convenience retail remains limited. This study examines the relationships between social media marketing, online advertising, mobile marketing, content marketing, and consumer buying behavior at Grab and Go stores in Yangon. A quantitative cross-sectional survey was conducted with 385 customers who had purchased from Grab and Go during the previous six months. Data from a 35-item, five-point Likert-scale questionnaire were analyzed in SPSS version 26 using descriptive statistics, Cronbach's alpha, Pearson correlations, and multiple linear regression. Scale reliability ranged from .778 to .825. All four digital marketing dimensions were positively associated with consumer buying behavior (r = .494-.615, p < .001). The regression model was significant, F(4, 380) = 185.91, p < .001, and explained 66.2% of the variance (adjusted R2 = .658). Social media marketing had the largest standardized coefficient (beta = .334), followed by content marketing (beta = .320), online advertising (beta = .281), and mobile marketing (beta = .207). Customers who evaluated Grab and Go's digital marketing more positively also reported stronger buying behavior. The findings offer channel-level evidence from an under-researched retail setting, although the cross-sectional and self-reported design does not support causal conclusions.