Sustainable budgeting and financial planning for SDG 4 on quality education in India

Abstract

This research aims to identify what financial practices are followed in Indian educational institutions to promote SDG 4 for quality education. The study employed mixed methods approaches by looking into budget allocations and stakeholder perceptions, as well as the challenges faced in the states of Kerala, Tamil Nadu, Maharashtra, Rajasthan, and Gujarat. The research presents both quantitative data extracted from an extensive review of budget documents and major education indicators, as well as qualitative insights from 200 stakeholders (administrators, teachers, and policymakers) representing all five states. The study shows a very high divergence in state effectiveness of the budget, with Kerala and Tamil Nadu leading most states. It mentions challenges such as official ineptitude, exploitation, and the inequitable allocation of resources, along with recommendations that include decentralized budgeting, improved transparency, and targeted investments in training and infrastructure for teachers. The study assesses that it would require systemic reforms and context-tailored approaches to align financial planning with SDG 4.