Performance of solar concentrated PV systems: A review

Abstract

The increasing global demand for energy and the crucial need for sustainable solutions have led to innovations in photovoltaic (PV) technology. Concentrated photovoltaic (CPV) systems, which utilize optical components to focus sunlight onto high-efficiency solar cells, present a promising alternative to conventional PV systems. This work provides a comprehensive review of CPV system performance by focusing on efficiency, reliability, and economic viability. The research analyzes a range of optical concentration methods, including Fresnel lenses, parabolic mirrors, and dielectric concentrators, by assessing their energy conversion efficiency impacts. It also explores the role of multi-junction (MJ) solar cells, solar tracking systems, and thermal management strategies essential for optimizing CPV performance. The findings of this article show that CPV systems offer notable advantages, including higher efficiency and reduced material usage compared to traditional PV systems. Current technological advancements, including improved cooling systems and more precise tracking, have resulted in efficiency improvements of 10 to 15% and cost reductions of up to 20%. However, CPV’s dependence on direct normal irradiance (DNI) limits its deployment to high-sunlight regions. In conclusion, CPV systems hold significant potential for large-scale implementation in regions with higher solar irradiation. While certain limitations persist, ongoing innovations continue to enhance their technical and economic viability, making them a competitive option for future energy systems.